sem-2

    sem-2

    English meaning: one

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “eins” and “in eins zusammen, einheitlich, samt, with”

    Material: 1. With vor dominant Zahlwortbedeutung “eins”: Arm. mi “eins” (*sm-ii̯os); Gk. εἷς, ἕν, μία (*sems, *sem, *sm-iǝ), gen. ἑνός (for *ἑμός or ἁμός after *ἕνς, ἕν) “ein”; μῶνυξ “Einhufer” (*σμ-ῶνυξ), Cret. ἀμάκις, tarent. ἀμάτις “once”, compounds Dor. ἅτερος (Att. ἕτερος) “the eine, the other from zweien” (= Welsh hanner, Corn. Bret. hanter “half”); Lat. sem-per “in a fort, always” (*sem = Gk. ἕν, compare under Gmc. sin-); simītu “zugleich”, AbLat. from *simītus < *sem-eitus “das Zusammengehen”, compare O.Ir. emith “tanquam, quasi”, Welsh hefyd “also” from *semiti-, to O.Ind. sám-iti-; mīlle “1000” from *smī ĝheslī “eine Tausendheit” (irrig S. 446), compare das in *sm̥-ĝheslom zerlegte O.Ind. sahásra-m, Av. hazaŋra- “eintausend”; O.Ir. cumme ‘similarly” from *kom-smii̯o - “ganz the eine, the same “; Gmc. *sin (i.e. IE *sem in adv. solidification) “*in einem” = “together” or “perpetual” or “absolutely, very” in O.S. O.H.G. sin-hīun, O.E. sin-hīwan “conjuges, Ehegatten”, Goth. sin-teins “daily”, O.S. sin-nahti, O.E. sin-niht “ewige night”, M.H.G. singrũene, O.E. sin-grēne, O.Ice. sī-grønn “immergrũn”, O.E. sin-here “big Heer”, O.H.G. sinfluot “big, giant flood”, O.Ice. sī-valr, O.E. sine-wealt, and. sinu-wel “ganz round “ etc.; Toch. A sas m. (komponiert ṣa-), В ṣe (older ṣes in ṣes-ka “allein”) from *sem-s; A säṃ f. from *sem; compound form A ṣoma- (*semo-), В somo- (*somo-); Van Windekens Lexique 121. sm̥- as 1. composition part: O.Ind. sakŕ̥t, Av. ha-kǝrǝt̃ “once” (about O.Ind. sa-hásram see above), Gk. ἅ-παξ “once”, ἁ-πλόος ‘simple, just”, Lat. sim-plus, -plex ‘simple, just”, Gk. ἑ-κατόν “ein-hundred” from *ἁ-κατόν after εἷς or a *ἕν-κατον. compare under *sm̥ “in eins together, with”. With Gutturalsuffixen: Gk. ἴγγια εἷς. Πάφιοι (*ἑν-για); Lat. singuli “einzelne” (against it sincinium “Einzelgesang” not from *singo-caniom, but popular etymology rearrangement from sicinnium from Gk. σίκιννις “Tanz the Satyrn”); with ĝh presumably Arm. ez “ someone “ (*sem-ĝho-? with it hez “mild, rechtschaffen” as “einfach from Sitten” gleich? Pedersen KZ. 39, 414); with k̂ O.Ind. śaśvant- ‘sich gleichmäßig erneuernd, eine ununterbrochene Reihe bildend, jeder, all” (from *sa-śvant-, with formants -u̯ent- from IE *sm̥-k̂o- perhaps “in a Zuge, in a row”); perhaps Alb. gjith “all, whole” (*sem-k̂o “from einerund the same kind of”?).

    Note: Alb. (*ghim- k̂o) gjithë “all, together “ : Toch. A sas m., В ṣe [common Alb. gh- > gl- > gj- : lith. gh- > dz- phonetic mutation; also Alb. -s > -th phonetic mutations]. With l-suffixes: Gk. ὁμαλός “gleich, eben, smooth “ (“*in a kind of verlaufend”) ablaut. Lat. similis ‘similarly” (*semelis “from ein and the same kind of”), simul, older semol, semul “zugleich” apokopiert from *semeli, next to which after bis, *tris (ter) widened *semlis “once” in semel, Umbr. sumel “zugleich” (with the same о as ὁμαλός? or latter previously after ὁμός from *ἁμαλός umgefärbt?); with reduplication-stem O.Ir. samail “Bild, Gleichnis” (prokLith. amal “as”), Welsh etc. hafal ‘similarly, gleich”, O.Ir. samlith ‘simul”, cosmail “consimilis”; Goth. simlē “(*once =) einst”, O.E. sim(b)le, simles, simblon “ always”, O.H.G. simble(s), simblum ds., auf a n. *semlo-m “eine time” being based on. 2. semo- “ someone “ = “irgendeiner” (unbetont): O.Ind. samá- “irgendein”, Av. ap. hama- “jeder beliebige, omnis”; Arm. amēn, amēn-ain “alle, omnis”; Gk. ἁμό- “irgend ein” in ἀμῆ, Att. ἁμῆ “rgendwie”, ἀμόθεν, Att. ἁμόθεν “irgendwoher”, ἀμῶς, Att. ἁμῶς “irgendwie”, οὐδ-αμός “nicht einer, keiner”, οὐδαμῶς “keineswegs”; Goth. sums “irgend ein, ein gewisser”, pl. “einige, manche”, O.Ice. sumr “ a certain, a kind of, as one might say, nonnullus”, O.S. O.E. O.H.G. sum ds. 3. “*in eins = together, with”; sm̥-: O.Ind. sa-há, sadhḁ “common, together” = Av. haδa, ар. hadü “together”, O.Ind. satrǘ “together, ganz and gar” = Av. haϑrü̆ “together, zugleich, vereint with”, O.Ind. sádam, sádü “allzeit, stets always” = Av. haδa “ always”, O.Ind. sá-dhrī adv. “together” (: root *dher- “hold, stop”, as also:) Gk. ἀ-θρόοι, Att. ἁ-θρόοι “in association, gesamt”, ἄ-λοχος “consors tori”, ἀ-δελφός “couterinus”, ἀ-κόλουθος “Weggefährte” (from ἁ- through Aspiratendiss). - O.Ind. smát “together with”, Av. mat̃ “ds.; always, immerdar”; Gk. ἅμα, Dor. ἁμᾶ “in einem, zugleich”, ἁμόθι “together”. som-: O.Ind. sám- “together, zugleich with”, Av. ap. ha(m)- “with” (in connection with verbs and in Zs. with nouns; Arm. ham- “with” probably from dem Iran.); Lith. sam-, są- (e.g. sam-dūti “employ, engage”, sán-dora “Eintracht”, są́-žine “Gewissen, conscientia”), O.Pruss. san-, sen- (san-insle “belt, girdle”), sen (*sem) preposition “with” (IE *sem); O.C.S. sǫ- “with” (sǫ-sědъ “Nachbar”, compare O.Ind. saṁ-sád- “congregation, meeting”), sǫ-logъ “consors tori”, compare ἄ-λοχος etc.; with O.C.S. sǫ- changing through ablaut is *sъn-, sъ (*som) e.g. in sъn-iti “convenire”, sъ- vęzati “zusammenbinden” as well as sъ preposition “with”; whether Lith. sù “with” dazugehört, could es together with O.C.S. sъ and Gk. ξύν, σύν “with” auf IE *ksu respectively *ksun zurũckgefũhrt become; compare Schwyzer Gk. 2, 4877. Von som- derives somo-s: O.Ind. samá- “eben, gleich, the same”, samám adv. and preposition “together”, samáyü, in same Weise, mitten hindurch”, *samayati “ebnet, bringt in order”, Av. ap. hama- “gleich, the same”, Arm. omn “whoever” (Meillet Esquisse2 90); about O.Ind. simá- ‘selbst” s. Wackernagel-Debrunner 3, 578; Gk. ὁμός “common; similarly, gleich, eben, smooth “, ὁμοῦ adv. and preposition “together”, ὁμό-θεν “from the same Ort”, ὁμό-σε “an denselben place”, ὅμως “gleichwohl” (ὁμοῖος, nAtt. ὅμοιος ‘similarly”); here ὅμηρος (above S. 56), ὁμαρτέω “begleite” (to *ὅμαρτος from *som-r̥-to-s), after Szemeré nyi Gl. 33, 265 to *er-, above S. 327 f.; O.Ir. -som “ipse”, O.Ir. sund “here”, Welsh hwnn “this” (from IE *somdhe, welches to sondo- reshaped wurde); Goth. sa sama “the same”, O.Ice. samr, inn sami “the same”, samt adv. “ununterbrocben”, O.H.G. der samo “the same”, compare also Zs. as Goth. sama-kuns, O.N. samkynja “from same gender, sex”, Gk. ὁμόγνιος ds., O.Ind. sama-jütīya “gleichartig”, O.N. samfeðra, ὁμοπάτωρ, ар. hamapitar- “from the same Vater”, O.Ice. sammø̄ ðri, ὁμομήτριος “from the same Mutter”; ein ī-Fem. *somī, *smī “Beisammensein, association, partly also kämpfendes Aneinandergeraten” in O.Ind. samī-ká- n. “fight, struggle, battle”; but Gk. ὅμι-λος “heap, congregation, meeting, Schlachtgedränge”, ὁμιλίᾱ “Umgang, Verkehr”, ὁΏμῑλέω “verkehre” remain far off because of Eol. ὄμιλλος, also Lat. mīles, compare Szemeré nyi Arch. Ling. 6, 41; Gk. ἅμιλλα “fight, fight, struggle, contention “ (*sem-il-i̯a), ἁμιλλᾶσθαι “wettkämpfen”; in addition with dem Begriffe of friedlichen Beisammenseins, also of Zusammenstimmens O.Ice. sama “passen, sich schicken”; Goth. samjan “gefallen, to gefallen suchen”, O.Ice. semja (= O.Ind. samayati) “zusammenstellen, unite, einig become um, sort, order, arrange, zustandebringen”; in addition probably Gmc. *samÞia- in O.H.G. semfti (adv. samfto) “bequem, gemächlich, friendly”, Ger. sanft, O.S. süfto adv. “light”, M.L.G. sachte adj. adv. “gentle, mild”, O.E. sēfte (adv. sōfte) “ peaceful, mild”, compare in addition esp. O.Ind. süntva- n. “good beschwichtigende words”, sǘ man- m. n. “ds., Milde, freundliches Entgegenkommen”; Gmc. *samÞia- is viell. from a tu-stem *samÞu- reshaped, the with O.Ind. süntva- auf IE *sōm-tu- go back kann; against it is O.E. smēðe , smōð, O.S. smōði “ smooth, eben, gentle, milde” because of Westfäl. smǫiǝ from *smanÞi originated; Goth. samaÞ “together”, O.S. samad, O.E. samod, O.H.G. samit (samant with n after saman-), Ger. samt; eine d-derivative in O.Ind. samád- f. “fight, fight, struggle”, Gk. ὅμαδος “Gewũhl, Menschenmenge”; lengthened grade O.Ind. süman-, sümaná - “ peaceful “, süma-gir- “freundliche words redend”, süntva- (see above), Av. hüma- “gleich, the same”, Pers. hümūn “Ebene”, O.Ir. süm “ tranquility “ (from “*trauliches Beisammensein”), süim “ peaceful, mild”, O.Ice. sōma (*sōmēn) “passen, geziemen”, sōmi m. “honour, Auszeichnung”, sø̄ mr “proper, fitting”, O.S. sōmi ds., O.E. sōm f. “Einigkeit, congregation, meeting”, ge-sōm “einmũtig, friendly”, M.H.G. suome “pleasant, mellifluous”; abgel. O.Ice. sø̄ ma ‘sich finden in, Rũcksicht nehmen auf, honour”, O.E. sēman “versöhnen”; Eng. seem “befit, shine, appear, seem” is N.. Lw.; O.C.S. samъ “ipse, alone, single, sole, one; only one; one and the same “; with n-formants: O.Ind. süman-, sümana- see above; with ŏ-grade probably O.Ind. samana- n. “Zusammenkunft, Festversammlung”, samanǘ adv. “together, gleichzeitig, ebenmäßig”; Goth. samana “beisammen”, O.Ice.saman “together”, O.H.G. saman, zi samane, Ger. zusammen; therefrom derived O.Ice. samna, O.H.G. samanōn, M.H.G. samenen “gather, collect”, dissim. samelen, Ger. sammeln; with reduplication-stem Ir. samain “the festival of 1. Nov.” (actually “Zusammenkunft”), bech-ṡamain ‘swarm of bees”; eine lengthened grade *sēm perhaps in Gaul. σο-σιν “dieses” and in n. of O.Ir. article (s)an, preceding from *sin, dieses from *sēm about *sīn; die ũbrigen forms are through transference the Endflexion auf eine adv.-form *sinde (from *sēm-dhe; es läßt sich after O.Ind. sa-dha IE *dhe, odernach Ir. suide from IE *so-de (jo-inflection) = Gk. ὅ-δε also IE *de ansetzen) originated; Demonstr. Ir. sin, Welsh hynn go auf den stem *sindo- back and stellen die enclitice form dar.

    References: WP. II 488 ff., WH. II 511 f., 513, 533 ff., Trautmann 249 f.; J. Gonda, Reflections on the Numerals.